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Indian Monsoon & Climate – Answers & Explanations

UPSC Prelims Hot Topic | Page 2

1. Answer: B
Monsoon is driven mainly by pressure differences between land and sea due to differential heating.

2. Answer: B
Southwest Monsoon first reaches Kerala coast around June 1.

3. Answer: B
El Niño leads to weaker monsoon and reduced rainfall in India.

4. Answer: B
Western Ghats cause orographic rainfall on the windward side.

5. Answer: B
Retreating monsoon brings rainfall mainly during October–November.

6. Answer: B
Jet streams influence the onset and withdrawal of monsoon.

7. Answer: B
Tamil Nadu receives rainfall from retreating (northeast) monsoon.

8. Answer: A
Monsoon burst refers to sudden onset of heavy rainfall.

9. Answer: B
Rain shadow region lies on the leeward side (eastern side) of Western Ghats.

10. Answer: C
Cyclones in India are common in post-monsoon season.

11. Answer: A
ITCZ is Inter Tropical Convergence Zone where trade winds meet.

12. Answer: B
Monsoon withdrawal starts from Rajasthan in September.

13. Answer: B
Loo winds are hot and dry winds blowing in northern India.

14. Answer: D
ENSO, ocean currents, and pressure systems all affect monsoon variability.

15. Answer: B
Northeast monsoon mainly affects Tamil Nadu.

Key Insight:
Monsoon questions in UPSC are concept-based and often linked with geography + climate patterns.

Exam Tip:
Focus on mechanisms (ITCZ, pressure, ENSO) rather than memorizing facts only.

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