Shaktimatha Learning
English Daily Current Affairs 2026
Premium Multilingual Educational Ecosystem
Global Affairs, International Relations and Sustainable Development
Page 3
Introduction
In an interconnected world, global affairs influence economic growth, security, technology, trade and environmental sustainability. International cooperation has become essential for addressing complex challenges such as climate change, geopolitical tensions, energy security and public health emergencies.
1. Importance of International Relations
International relations shape diplomatic cooperation, economic partnerships and strategic alliances among nations.
- Diplomatic engagement
- Trade and investment partnerships
- Regional and global security
- Technology and knowledge exchange
- Promotion of global peace
2. India's Growing Global Role
India is increasingly recognized as a major voice in global governance, development cooperation and international diplomacy.
- Leadership in G20
- Participation in BRICS
- Strategic cooperation through QUAD
- Engagement with the Global South
- Advocacy for sustainable development
3. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals provide a global framework for achieving economic prosperity, social inclusion and environmental sustainability by 2030.
- No Poverty
- Quality Education
- Good Health and Well-being
- Gender Equality
- Affordable and Clean Energy
- Climate Action
- Sustainable Cities and Communities
4. Emerging Global Challenges
- Climate Change
- Food and Water Security
- Cyber Security Threats
- Energy Transition
- Global Health Risks
- Supply Chain Disruptions
5. Global Economic Trends
The world economy is being reshaped by digital transformation, green technologies, innovation-driven growth and changing geopolitical dynamics.
- Digital Economy
- Green Economy
- Artificial Intelligence Revolution
- Innovation-led Growth
- Sustainable Investments
6. Climate Diplomacy and International Cooperation
International climate agreements and multilateral cooperation are essential for achieving global environmental sustainability and reducing carbon emissions.
UPSC Mains Model Questions & Answers
Question 1
Discuss the importance of international relations in promoting national development.
Answer: International relations facilitate trade, investment, technology transfer and strategic cooperation, all of which contribute significantly to national development and global competitiveness.
Question 2
Evaluate India's role in global governance and international cooperation.
Answer: India contributes through platforms such as G20, BRICS and the United Nations while promoting inclusive growth, sustainable development and the interests of the Global South.
Question 3
How do Sustainable Development Goals contribute to global progress?
Answer: SDGs provide a comprehensive framework for reducing poverty, improving quality of life, protecting the environment and promoting inclusive development.
Question 4
Examine the significance of climate diplomacy in the twenty-first century.
Answer: Climate diplomacy encourages international cooperation, facilitates climate finance and supports collective efforts to address environmental challenges.
Question 5
Analyze the impact of emerging global challenges on sustainable development.
Answer: Challenges such as climate change, cyber threats, food insecurity and health crises can hinder development unless addressed through coordinated global action.
Important Current Affairs MCQs
1. Which organization adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
A) IMF B) WTO C) United Nations D) OECDAnswer: C) United Nations
2. G20 primarily focuses on:
A) Sports Cooperation B) Economic and Development Cooperation C) Military Alliances D) Tourism PromotionAnswer: B) Economic and Development Cooperation
3. Which of the following is a member of BRICS?
A) India B) Spain C) Canada D) South KoreaAnswer: A) India
4. Climate diplomacy mainly aims to:
A) Increase carbon emissions B) Promote international environmental cooperation C) Restrict technological innovation D) Limit renewable energyAnswer: B) Promote international environmental cooperation
5. Which SDG focuses on Climate Action?
A) SDG 5 B) SDG 8 C) SDG 10 D) SDG 13Answer: D) SDG 13
6. QUAD includes India, United States, Japan and:
A) Germany B) Australia C) France D) BrazilAnswer: B) Australia
7. The concept of the Green Economy emphasizes:
A) Unlimited resource consumption B) Environmentally sustainable economic growth C) Industrial pollution D) Fossil fuel expansionAnswer: B) Environmentally sustainable economic growth
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