Shaktimatha Learning | English Daily Current Affairs 2026 | Parliament of India | UPSC Mains Questions & Model Answers | UPSC Prelims MCQs | Page 3

 

Page 3 – Daily Current Affairs

Date: July 2026

Part 1 – Daily Current Affairs

1. Parliamentary Democracy and Good Governance

India's parliamentary democracy continues to strengthen through transparent legislative processes, effective parliamentary debates, and greater public participation. Parliament remains the central institution responsible for law-making, executive accountability, and democratic governance.

UPSC Focus Areas:
• Indian Parliament
• Democratic Governance
• Constitutional Institutions

2. Digital Transformation in Legislative Processes

Digital technologies are improving parliamentary functioning through paperless procedures, digital documentation, live proceedings, and enhanced public access to legislative information, contributing to greater transparency and efficiency.

UPSC Focus Areas:
• E-Governance
• Digital Parliament
• Public Administration

3. Sustainable Infrastructure Development

Infrastructure projects focusing on renewable energy, smart cities, sustainable transport, and resilient urban planning continue to support India's long-term economic growth and environmental sustainability.

UPSC Focus Areas:
• Infrastructure
• Sustainable Development
• Environment

4. Innovation and Research Ecosystem

Investment in scientific research, innovation, startups, and emerging technologies continues to strengthen India's knowledge economy and global competitiveness.

UPSC Focus Areas:
• Science & Technology
• Innovation
• Research & Development

5. Human Development and Inclusive Growth

Policies promoting education, healthcare, women's empowerment, and social welfare remain essential for achieving inclusive and sustainable national development.

UPSC Focus Areas:
• Social Justice
• Human Development
• Inclusive Growth

Quick Revision

• Parliament is the cornerstone of India's democratic system.
• Digital governance enhances legislative transparency.
• Sustainable infrastructure supports long-term development.
• Innovation strengthens economic competitiveness.
• Inclusive growth promotes equitable national development.

Today's Inspiration

"Strong institutions build strong nations.
Knowledge builds responsible citizens.
Learning today shapes tomorrow's leadership."

Part 2 – Special Topic

The Parliament of India

The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Union Government. It represents the will of the people, enacts laws, approves the national budget, ensures executive accountability, and safeguards democratic governance. Parliament is one of the fundamental pillars of the Indian constitutional system.

Constitutional Provisions

According to Article 79 of the Constitution, the Parliament of India consists of:

• The President of India
• The Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
• The Lok Sabha (House of the People)

Composition of Parliament

Institution	Primary Role
President of India	Constitutional Head and integral part of Parliament.
Rajya Sabha	Represents the States and is a permanent House.
Lok Sabha	Represents the people and exercises financial control over the executive.

Functions of Parliament

• Enacts laws for the country.
• Approves the Union Budget and financial legislation.
• Exercises oversight over the Executive.
• Discusses national and international issues of public importance.
• Amends the Constitution where required.
• Represents the democratic aspirations of the people.

Importance for UPSC Examination

• Core topic in Indian Polity.
• Frequently asked in UPSC Prelims and Mains.
• Important for GS Paper-II and Essay.
• Useful for questions on governance, constitutional institutions, and public administration.
• Relevant for parliamentary procedures and constitutional amendments.

Quick Revision

• Article 79 establishes the Parliament of India.
• Parliament consists of the President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha.
• Rajya Sabha is the permanent House.
• Lok Sabha is the directly elected House of the People.
• Parliament performs legislative, financial, deliberative, and oversight functions.

Part 3 – UPSC Mains Questions & Model Answers

Question 1 (10 Marks)

"Discuss the composition and major functions of the Parliament of India."

Model Answer

Introduction:

The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative institution of the Union Government. Under Article 79 of the Constitution, Parliament consists of the President, the Rajya Sabha, and the Lok Sabha. It plays a central role in maintaining India's democratic and parliamentary system.

Composition of Parliament:

• The President of India.
• The Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
• The Lok Sabha (House of the People).

Major Functions:

• Enacts laws for the Union.
• Approves the Union Budget and financial bills.
• Exercises parliamentary oversight over the Executive.
• Debates matters of national importance.
• Amends the Constitution through the prescribed procedure.
• Represents the interests of citizens and the States.

Conclusion:

The Parliament is the foundation of India's representative democracy. It ensures accountability, transparency, and effective governance while protecting constitutional values.

Question 2 (15 Marks)

"Parliamentary accountability is essential for democratic governance." Examine the role of the Indian Parliament in ensuring executive accountability.

Model Answer

Introduction:

India follows the parliamentary system of government in which the Executive is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. Parliament ensures that the Executive functions within constitutional limits and remains accountable to the people.

Mechanisms of Accountability:

• Question Hour and Zero Hour.
• Parliamentary debates and discussions.
• No-Confidence Motion.
• Parliamentary Committees.
• Budget discussions and financial scrutiny.
• Calling Attention and Adjournment Motions.

Challenges:

• Frequent disruptions in parliamentary proceedings.
• Declining number of sitting days.
• Limited time available for legislative scrutiny.
• Increasing complexity of governance.

Way Forward:

• Strengthen Parliamentary Committees.
• Increase productive sitting days.
• Promote informed and constructive debates.
• Improve transparency and public participation in the legislative process.

Conclusion:

An effective Parliament is indispensable for constitutional governance. By ensuring executive accountability and protecting democratic values, Parliament strengthens the rule of law and public confidence in democratic institutions.

UPSC Mains Answer Writing Tips

• Begin with Article 79 and define the Parliament of India.
• Explain the composition before discussing the functions.
• Mention constitutional mechanisms such as Question Hour, Zero Hour, Parliamentary Committees, and Budget Control.
• Present a balanced answer by discussing both strengths and challenges.
• Conclude by linking Parliament with constitutional democracy, accountability, and good governance.

Part 4 – UPSC Prelims MCQs

Question 1

According to Article 79 of the Constitution, the Parliament of India consists of:

1. The President and Lok Sabha only
2. The President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha
3. Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha only
4. The President and Rajya Sabha only

Correct Answer: B) The President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha

Question 2

Which House of the Indian Parliament is a permanent body and cannot be dissolved?

1. Lok Sabha
2. Rajya Sabha
3. Legislative Assembly
4. Legislative Council

Correct Answer: B) Rajya Sabha

Question 3

A Money Bill can be introduced only in:

1. Rajya Sabha
2. Lok Sabha
3. Either House of Parliament
4. Joint Sitting of Parliament

Correct Answer: B) Lok Sabha

Question 4

The normal tenure of the Lok Sabha is:

1. 4 years
2. 5 years
3. 6 years
4. 7 years

Correct Answer: B) 5 years

Question 5

Which of the following is an important mechanism through which Parliament exercises executive accountability?

1. Question Hour
2. Judicial Review
3. Electoral College
4. Finance Commission

Correct Answer: A) Question Hour

Quick Revision

• Article 79 establishes the Parliament of India.
• Parliament consists of the President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha.
• Rajya Sabha is the permanent House of Parliament.
• Money Bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
• Question Hour is a key parliamentary tool for ensuring executive accountability.

Today's Inspiration

"Democracy grows stronger
when citizens understand
their Constitution and Parliament."

Shaktimatha Learning

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