Special Topic – Indian Polity
Election Commission & Political Parties
UPSC • State PSC • Competitive Exams
1. Election Commission of India (ECI)
The Election Commission of India is an independent constitutional authority responsible for administering elections in India.
- Established under Article 324 of the Constitution
- Conducts elections for Lok Sabha, State Assemblies, President, and Vice-President
- Ensures free and fair elections
Composition:
- Chief Election Commissioner (CEC)
- Other Election Commissioners
2. Functions of Election Commission
- Announces election schedule
- Maintains electoral rolls
- Conducts elections
- Implements Model Code of Conduct (MCC)
3. Political Parties
Political parties are organizations that aim to gain political power through elections and represent public interests.
- National Parties
- State Parties
- Regional Parties
4. Recognition Criteria
- Vote share percentage
- Number of seats won
- Criteria defined by Election Commission
5. Importance
- Strengthens democracy
- Ensures representation
- Promotes political participation
6. Challenges
- Money power in elections
- Fake news and misinformation
- Lack of internal democracy in parties
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