Indian Constitution
Federal System & Structure (Page 9)
The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system with a clear division of powers between the Union and the States, while also incorporating unitary features.
Federal Features
- Division of powers between Centre and States
- Written Constitution
- Supremacy of the Constitution
- Independent judiciary
Unitary Features
- Strong Centre with greater powers
- Single citizenship
- Appointment of Governors by the Centre
- Emergency provisions
Distribution of Powers
The Constitution divides powers into three lists:
- Union List – Subjects of national importance
- State List – Subjects of local importance
- Concurrent List – Shared subjects
Strong Central Government
- Control over finance and defense
- Power during emergencies
- Residuary powers with Centre
Cooperative Federalism
India follows cooperative federalism where the Centre and States work together for national development.
Exam Focus:
Federal vs Unitary features and distribution of powers are frequently asked in UPSC exams.
Federal vs Unitary features and distribution of powers are frequently asked in UPSC exams.
Shaktimatha Learning
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