Shaktimatha Learning | Daily Current Affairs 2026 | Indian Judiciary | UPSC Mains Questions & Model Answers | UPSC Prelims MCQs | Page 3

 

Page 3 – Daily Current Affairs

Date: 26 June 2026

Part 1 – Daily Current Affairs

1. Climate-Resilient Agriculture

India continues to promote climate-resilient agricultural practices through sustainable farming methods, efficient water management, and the adoption of modern technologies to enhance food security and farmers' resilience.

UPSC Relevance:
• Agriculture
• Environment
• Climate Change
• Sustainable Development

2. Artificial Intelligence in Public Governance

Artificial Intelligence is increasingly being used to improve public service delivery, strengthen administrative efficiency, enhance policy implementation, and support evidence-based decision-making.

UPSC Relevance:
• Science & Technology
• Governance
• Digital India

3. Renewable Energy Expansion

India continues to expand renewable energy capacity through solar, wind, and green energy initiatives, supporting sustainable economic growth and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

UPSC Relevance:
• Energy Security
• Environment
• Economy

4. Strengthening Public Health Infrastructure

Improving healthcare infrastructure, expanding digital health services, and enhancing disease surveillance remain key priorities for building a resilient public health system.

UPSC Relevance:
• Public Health
• Governance
• Social Development

5. Innovation and Startup Ecosystem

India continues to encourage innovation, entrepreneurship, and startup development through policy support, digital infrastructure, and skill development to promote economic growth and employment generation.

UPSC Relevance:
• Economy
• Entrepreneurship
• Innovation

Part 2 – Special Topic

Indian Judiciary

The Judiciary is one of the three pillars of Indian democracy. It protects the Constitution, safeguards Fundamental Rights, interprets laws, and ensures justice through an independent and impartial judicial system.

Structure of the Indian Judiciary

• Supreme Court of India – Apex judicial authority.
• High Courts – Highest courts at the State level.
• District and Subordinate Courts – Administer justice at the district and local levels.

Major Functions of the Judiciary

• Protects the Constitution.
• Interprets constitutional and statutory laws.
• Safeguards Fundamental Rights.
• Exercises Judicial Review.
• Resolves disputes between the Union and States.
• Delivers justice through an independent judicial process.

Judicial Review and Judicial Independence

Judicial Review is the power of the courts to examine the constitutional validity of laws and executive actions. Judicial Independence ensures that judges decide cases fairly, without external influence, thereby upholding the Rule of Law.

Key UPSC Points

Topic	Importance
Article 124	Establishment of the Supreme Court
Article 32	Constitutional Remedies
Judicial Review	Protects Constitutional Supremacy
Public Interest Litigation (PIL)	Improves Access to Justice

Quick Revision

• The Supreme Court is the highest court in India.
• Article 124 provides for the establishment of the Supreme Court.
• Judicial Review protects the Constitution.
• Judicial Independence is essential for the Rule of Law.
• PIL enables wider access to justice.

Part 3 – UPSC Mains Questions & Model Answers

Question 1 (10 Marks)

"Discuss the role of the Indian Judiciary in protecting the Constitution and Fundamental Rights."

Model Answer

Introduction:

The Indian Judiciary is an independent pillar of democracy entrusted with protecting the Constitution, safeguarding Fundamental Rights, and ensuring the rule of law. It acts as the guardian of constitutional values.

Role of the Judiciary:

• Protects the Constitution through constitutional interpretation.
• Safeguards Fundamental Rights under Articles 32 and 226.
• Exercises Judicial Review over legislative and executive actions.
• Maintains the Rule of Law and constitutional supremacy.
• Resolves disputes between the Union and the States.
• Promotes access to justice through Public Interest Litigation (PIL).

Challenges:

• Large pendency of court cases.
• Delay in the delivery of justice.
• Shortage of judges and judicial infrastructure.
• High litigation costs for many citizens.

Way Forward:

• Fill judicial vacancies promptly.
• Strengthen digital courts and e-governance.
• Expand Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR).
• Improve judicial infrastructure and legal aid.

Conclusion:

An independent and efficient judiciary is essential for protecting constitutional democracy, ensuring justice, and preserving citizens' rights in India.

Question 2 (15 Marks)

"Explain the significance of Judicial Review and Judicial Independence in the Indian constitutional framework."

Model Answer

Introduction:

Judicial Review and Judicial Independence are fundamental features of the Indian Constitution. They ensure constitutional supremacy, accountability of public authorities, and protection of citizens' rights.

Significance:

• Ensures that laws remain consistent with the Constitution.
• Prevents arbitrary exercise of governmental power.
• Protects Fundamental Rights.
• Maintains checks and balances among the three organs of government.
• Strengthens public confidence in the justice delivery system.

Contemporary Challenges:

• Judicial delays and backlog of cases.
• Growing complexity of constitutional disputes.
• Need for greater judicial transparency.
• Balancing judicial activism and judicial restraint.

Suggestions:

• Modernize court administration.
• Increase judicial capacity through timely appointments.
• Promote technology-enabled justice delivery.
• Enhance legal awareness among citizens.

Conclusion:

Judicial Review and Judicial Independence remain indispensable to the success of India's constitutional democracy by ensuring justice, accountability, and the protection of constitutional values.

UPSC Answer Writing Tips

• Start with a constitutional definition or relevant Article.
• Use clear headings and structured points.
• Include constitutional provisions such as Articles 32, 124, and 226 wherever relevant.
• Support answers with contemporary judicial developments and examples.
• Present a balanced analysis with both achievements and challenges.
• Conclude with a constitutional and reform-oriented perspective.

Part 4 – UPSC Prelims MCQs

Question 1

Which Article of the Constitution provides for the establishment of the Supreme Court of India?

1. Article 32
2. Article 79
3. Article 124
4. Article 226

Answer: C) Article 124

Question 2

Which of the following is known as the highest judicial authority in India?

1. High Court
2. Supreme Court of India
3. District Court
4. Gram Nyayalaya

Answer: B) Supreme Court of India

Question 3

Judicial Review primarily refers to the power of the Judiciary to:

1. Conduct elections
2. Frame laws
3. Examine the constitutional validity of laws and executive actions
4. Prepare the Union Budget

Answer: C) Examine the constitutional validity of laws and executive actions

Question 4

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is mainly intended to:

1. Increase tax collection
2. Improve access to justice for the public
3. Conduct parliamentary debates
4. Appoint judges

Answer: B) Improve access to justice for the public

Question 5

Which constitutional principle ensures that judges perform their duties without external influence?

1. Judicial Independence
2. Collective Responsibility
3. Federalism
4. Universal Adult Franchise

Answer: A) Judicial Independence

Quick Revision

• Article 124 establishes the Supreme Court of India.
• Article 32 provides the Right to Constitutional Remedies.
• Judicial Review protects the supremacy of the Constitution.
• Judicial Independence is essential for the Rule of Law.
• Public Interest Litigation (PIL) expands access to justice.
• The Supreme Court is the guardian of the Constitution.

Today's Motivation

"Justice begins with knowledge.
Knowledge grows through learning.
Learning shapes leaders of tomorrow."

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