Indian Criminal Justice System vs Global Practices – Analysis

Shaktimatha Learning

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This section analyzes the major issues in India’s criminal justice system, compares them with global practices, and highlights key reforms required.

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1. Key Issues in India

• Case Backlog: Large number of pending cases leading to delayed justice
• Police Shortage: Inadequate manpower affecting investigation quality
• Judicial Delays: Long duration for trial completion
• Prison Overcrowding: High number of undertrial prisoners
• Low Conviction Rates: Weak investigation and evidence handling

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2. Global Best Practices

• Plea Bargaining (USA): Reduces burden on courts
• Fast Track Courts: Speedy disposal of cases
• Digital Courts: E-filing and virtual hearings
• Police Autonomy: Reduced political interference
• Rehabilitation Focus (Europe): Focus on reintegration of offenders

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3. Required Reforms

• Increase number of judges and courts
• Modernize police with technology and training
• Expand digital judicial infrastructure
• Implement prison reforms and rehabilitation programs
• Strengthen forensic capabilities

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4. Comparative Insight

• India → Delay and backlog issues
• Global systems → Faster resolution
• India → Resource constraints
• Global systems → Technology-driven processes

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UPSC Mains Answer Approach

• Introduction → Define criminal justice system
• Body → Issues + Global comparison + Reforms
• Conclusion → Efficient and fair justice delivery

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Summary

India’s criminal justice system requires structural reforms and adoption of global best practices to ensure timely and effective justice.

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Shaktimatha Learning

Analyze • Compare • Improve