🔹 Kinetic Theory of Gases – Stage 2 (Page 4)

This page explains transport phenomena — one of the most misunderstood yet scoring topics in JEE Advanced.

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1️⃣ Transport Phenomena – Overview

Transport of physical quantities occurs due to random molecular motion.

• Viscosity → Momentum transport
• Thermal Conductivity → Energy transport
• Diffusion → Mass transport

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2️⃣ Viscosity of Gases

Viscosity is the resistance offered by a gas to the relative motion of its layers.

η = (1/3) ρ v λ

• ρ → density
• v → rms speed
• λ → mean free path

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3️⃣ Key Results for Viscosity

• Independent of pressure (at low pressure)
• Increases with temperature
• Depends on molecular mass

👉 Counter-intuitive result: viscosity of gases increases with temperature.

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4️⃣ Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity arises due to energy transfer between hot and cold layers.

K = (1/3) C_v v λ

• C_v → heat capacity per unit volume

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5️⃣ Properties of Thermal Conductivity

• Independent of pressure
• Increases with temperature
• Higher for lighter molecules

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6️⃣ Diffusion of Gases

Diffusion is the mixing of two gases due to random molecular motion.

D = (1/3) v λ

• Faster molecules diffuse quicker
• Lighter gases diffuse faster

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7️⃣ Graham’s Law (Special Case)

Rate of diffusion:

r ∝ 1 / √M

• M → molar mass
• Valid at same temperature and pressure

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8️⃣ Comparative Summary Table

Quantity	Depends on λ	Effect of T	Effect of P
Viscosity	Yes	Increases	No effect
Thermal Conductivity	Yes	Increases	No effect
Diffusion	Yes	Increases	Decreases

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9️⃣ JEE Advanced Traps ⚠️

• Viscosity ≠ friction
• Gas viscosity increases with temperature
• Transport coefficients depend on λ, not pressure

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✔ Stage 2 – Page 4 Completed

📚 IIT–JEE Physics Complete Library (Class XI)

Curated for IIT-JEE Advanced Aspirants
Concepts • Numericals • Objective Questions • Revision Capsules

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🔥 Kinetic Theory of Gases (KTG) – Complete Library

1. KTG – Part 1
2. KTG – Part 2
3. KTG – Part 3
4. KTG – Part 4
5. KTG – Part 5
6. KTG – Part 6
7. KTG – Part 7
8. KTG – Special Notes
9. KTG – Part 9
10. KTG – Part 10
11. KTG – Part 11
12. KTG – Part 12
13. KTG – Part 13
14. KTG – Part 14
15. KTG – Part 15
16. KTG – Part 16
17. KTG – Part 17
18. KTG – Part 18
19. KTG – Part 19
20. KTG – Part 20
21. KTG – Part 21
22. KTG – Part 22
23. KTG – Part 23
24. KTG – Part 24
25. KTG – Part 25
26. KTG – Part 26
27. KTG – Part 27
28. KTG – Part 28
29. KTG – Part 29
30. KTG – Part 30

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📐 Properties of Matter – Complete IIT-JEE Library

1. Properties – Part 1
2. Properties – Part 2
3. Properties – Part 3
4. Properties – Part 4
5. Properties – Part 5
6. Properties – Part 6
7. Properties – Part 7
8. Properties – Part 8
9. Properties – Part 9
10. Properties – Part 10
11. Properties – Part 11
12. Properties – Part 12
13. Properties – Part 13
14. Properties – Part 14
15. Properties – Part 15
16. Properties – Part 16
17. Properties – Part 17
18. Properties – Part 18
19. Properties – Part 19
20. Properties – Part 20
21. Properties – Part 21
22. Properties – Part 22
23. Properties – Part 23
24. Properties – Part 24
25. Properties – Part 25

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🌟 Master & Mega Physics Libraries

• IIT-JEE Physics Master Library
• Physics Complete Mega Library
• SHM Complete Library
• Waves – JEE Advanced Library
• Gravitation Library
• Momentum & Collisions Library
• Centre of Mass Library
• Work Energy Power Library

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