⚡ Current Electricity – Stage 0 (Foundation)
📄 Page 2 : What is Electric Current?
🔹 1. Meaning of Electric Current
Electric Current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge through any cross-section of a conductor.
Mathematical Definition:
I = Q / t
- I → Electric current
- Q → Charge flowing
- t → Time taken
🔹 2. SI Unit of Electric Current
The SI unit of electric current is the Ampere (A).
1 Ampere = flow of 1 Coulomb of charge per second
1 A = 1 C / s
🔹 3. Direction of Electric Current
By convention, the direction of electric current is taken as the direction in which positive charge would flow.
- Conventional Current: From positive → negative
- Actual Electron Flow: From negative → positive
⚠️ Important for IIT JEE: Always use conventional current direction unless specified otherwise.
🔹 4. Charge Carriers in Different Media
| Medium | Charge Carrier |
|---|---|
| Metals | Free electrons |
| Electrolytes | Positive & Negative ions |
| Semiconductors | Electrons and holes |
| Vacuum / Gas | Electrons / Ions |
🔹 5. Is Current a Scalar or Vector?
Electric current is a scalar quantity.
Though current has a direction of flow, it does not obey vector addition laws.
🎯 JEE Foundation Insight
- Never confuse current direction with electron flow
- Always check unit consistency in numerical problems
- This concept is the base for Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s Laws
👉 Next: Page 3 – Drift Velocity & Microscopic View of Current
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🔹 Stage 3 – Advanced (IIT JEE)
🔌 Current Electricity
- Stage 0 – Foundation
- Kirchhoff’s Laws (KCL & KVL)
- Resistor Networks & Node Analysis
- EMF & Internal Resistance
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