Lesson 6 – Centre of Mass & System of Particles

IIT–JEE Solved Questions & Answers
Phase 1 – Page 7 (Elite Reasoning)

This page is designed to train students in examiner-level thinking. Problems here may look simple, but they test deep conceptual clarity.

Problem 29 (IIT–Advanced – Thought Experiment)

Question:
A system of particles is isolated. Suddenly, strong internal forces start acting between particles. Will the centre of mass start accelerating? Explain.

Solution:

Internal forces act in equal and opposite pairs.

Hence, internal forces cancel when considering the system as a whole.

Since no external force acts, acceleration of centre of mass remains zero.

Answer:
Centre of mass will not accelerate.

IIT Philosophy: COM “does not know” what happens inside the system.

Problem 30 (IIT–Advanced – Observer Frame Trap)

Question:
A system of particles is observed from a non-inertial frame. Can the centre of mass appear to accelerate even if no external force acts? Explain.

Solution:

In a non-inertial frame, pseudo forces appear.

These pseudo forces act as external forces in that frame.

Hence, the centre of mass may appear to accelerate.

Answer:
Yes, in a non-inertial frame, COM can appear to accelerate.

Problem 31 (IIT–Advanced – COM vs Geometrical Centre)

Question:
For which type of bodies does the centre of mass coincide with the geometrical centre? Give examples.

Solution:

When mass distribution is uniform and symmetric, centre of mass coincides with geometrical centre.

Examples include uniform sphere, uniform cube, and uniform disc.

Answer:
COM coincides with geometrical centre for uniformly symmetric bodies.

Problem 32 (IIT–Advanced – Combined Forces)

Question:
A system is acted upon by multiple external forces. How do you determine the direction of acceleration of the centre of mass?

Solution:

Vector sum of all external forces gives the net force.

Acceleration of centre of mass is along the direction of the net external force.

Answer:
COM accelerates in the direction of net external force.

Problem 33 (IIT–Advanced – Extreme Concept)

Question:
Is it possible that centre of mass of a system lies at a point where there is no mass at all? Explain with an example.

Solution:

Centre of mass is a weighted average position of mass distribution.

In bodies like rings or hollow spheres, mass is distributed around empty space.

Answer:
Yes, COM can lie in empty space (e.g., centre of a ring).

IIT Examiner’s Final Mental Model (Page 7)

✔ Think of COM as a single particle of mass M
✔ Only external forces matter for COM motion
✔ Internal complexity is irrelevant at COM level
✔ Frame of reference matters in interpretation
✔ If confused, step back and apply F = M acm

End of Phase 1 (Lesson 6)

With this page, Phase 1 of IIT/JEE solved problems for Centre of Mass is complete. You are now fully prepared to handle any COM problem in IIT Main or Advanced.

📘 Centre of Mass & System of Particles – Complete Physics Library

This library is a complete learning package for Intermediate + IIT JEE Physics covering Centre of Mass and System of Particles.

It includes theory, solved examples, objective questions, IIT-level problems, revision strategies, tricks, and exam-oriented guidance.


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