Lesson 6 – Centre of Mass & System of Particles

IIT–JEE Solved Questions & Answers
Phase 1 – Page 8 (PYQ-Style & Constraints)

This page trains students to solve previous IIT-style questions where constraints, symmetry, and external-force logic must be applied simultaneously.

Problem 34 (IIT–Advanced Style – Constraint Motion)

Question:
Two blocks of masses m and 2m are connected by a light rigid rod and move on a smooth horizontal surface. A horizontal force F is applied at the centre of the rod. Find the acceleration of the centre of mass.

Solution:

Total mass of the system = 3m

Net external force acting on the system = F

Acceleration of centre of mass:

acm = F / (3m)

Answer: Acceleration of centre of mass = F / 3m

PYQ Insight: Location of force inside the system does not affect COM acceleration.

Problem 35 (IIT–Advanced Style – Rope & Pulley)

Question:
Two masses m and m are connected by a light string passing over a smooth pulley. Find the acceleration of the centre of mass of the system.

Solution:

Net external force on the system = difference of weights = 0

Hence, acceleration of centre of mass = 0

Answer: Centre of mass moves with constant velocity.

Examiner Trap: Individual masses accelerate, but COM does not.

Problem 36 (IIT–Advanced Style – Projectile Explosion)

Question:
A projectile explodes at some point in its trajectory. Neglecting air resistance, what happens to the motion of the centre of mass after explosion?

Solution:

Explosion is due to internal forces only.

The only external force is gravity.

Hence, the centre of mass continues to follow the same parabolic trajectory.

Answer: Centre of mass follows the original projectile path.

Problem 37 (IIT–Advanced Style – Variable Mass Trap)

Question:
A block of ice slides on a smooth surface while melting uniformly. Does the melting affect the motion of the centre of mass?

Solution:

Melting is an internal process.

No external horizontal force acts on the system.

Hence, the centre of mass continues to move with constant velocity.

Answer: Motion of COM remains unchanged.

Problem 38 (IIT–Advanced Style – Combined Reasoning)

Question:
A system has zero net external force. Can its centre of mass have acceleration in one direction and constant velocity in another? Explain.

Solution:

Zero net external force implies zero acceleration of COM in all directions.

Acceleration is a vector quantity.

Answer: No, centre of mass cannot accelerate in any direction.

PYQ Master Strategy (Page 8)

✔ Identify system clearly (what is included?)
✔ List only external forces on the system
✔ Use F = M acm immediately
✔ Ignore internal forces without hesitation
✔ Check symmetry before calculations

Transition Note

After this page, students are fully ready for actual previous IIT-JEE PYQs and Advanced multi-correct questions.

📘 Centre of Mass & System of Particles – Complete Physics Library

This library is a complete learning package for Intermediate + IIT JEE Physics covering Centre of Mass and System of Particles.

It includes theory, solved examples, objective questions, IIT-level problems, revision strategies, tricks, and exam-oriented guidance.


📂 Stage 1: Intermediate Complete Notes (Concept Foundation)


📂 Stage 2: Advanced Concepts & Applications


📂 Stage 3: Objective Questions, Tough Problems & Revision


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