Stage–2 | Page–8
Velocity–Displacement Relation & Energy Method in SHM

Most scoring + most confusing part for students


Velocity–Displacement Relation

v² = ω² (A² − x²)

This equation connects position and velocity without time.

  • Used heavily in JEE Advanced
  • Works only for SHM

Special Positions – Must Remember

Position Velocity Acceleration
x = 0 (Mean) Maximum 0
x = ±A (Extreme) 0 Maximum
x = A/2 ω√(3A²/4) −ω²(A/2)

Sign of Velocity

From v² equation, magnitude comes — sign must be decided separately.

Rule:
Check direction of motion from including diagram or phase

Energy Method in SHM

Total mechanical energy remains constant.

Total Energy = ½ kA² = ½ mω²A²

Potential Energy (PE)

PE = ½ kx² = ½ mω²x²
  • Minimum at mean position
  • Maximum at extreme position

Kinetic Energy (KE)

KE = ½ mω² (A² − x²)
  • Maximum at mean position
  • Zero at extremes

Energy Ratio at Position x

PE : KE = x² : (A² − x²)

Frequently used in numerical + MCQs.


IIT Trap #2 – Energy ≠ Velocity Graph

Students confuse:

  • Energy vs displacement → parabola
  • Velocity vs displacement → ellipse
Never mix graph interpretations

Topper Shortcut

  • If energy asked → use energy equations
  • If time asked → use equation of motion
  • If position–velocity relation → use v² = ω²(A² − x²)

Typical JEE Advanced Questions

  • Find velocity at given displacement
  • Find displacement when KE = PE
  • Fraction of total energy as KE
  • Energy change between two positions

Next: Stage–2 Page–9

  • Time period from energy method
  • Mean speed vs average speed
  • Advanced traps & mixed concepts

Stage–2 Page–8 Completed ✔ You now master SHM without time variable 🔥

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