Gravitation – Board Exam Questions & Answers
Stage 2 • Page 1 • Short Answer Questions
Q1. State Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation.
According to Newton’s universal law of gravitation, every two masses attract each other with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.
F = G (m₁m₂ / r²)
Q2. Define gravitational field at a point.
Gravitational field at a point is defined as the gravitational force experienced by a unit mass placed at that point.
g = F / m
Q3. What is acceleration due to gravity?
Acceleration due to gravity (g) is the acceleration produced in a body when it falls freely under the gravitational attraction of Earth.
Its value near Earth’s surface is approximately 9.8 m s⁻².
Q4. Why does acceleration due to gravity vary with height?
Acceleration due to gravity depends on the distance from Earth’s centre. As height increases, this distance increases, causing gravitational force to decrease, and hence the value of g decreases.
Q5. State the relation between g and G.
Acceleration due to gravity is related to the universal gravitational constant by:
g = GM / R²
where M is mass of Earth and R is radius of Earth.
Q6. Define weight of a body.
Weight of a body is the gravitational force acting on it due to Earth.
W = mg
Q7. What is meant by weightlessness?
A body is said to be weightless when its apparent weight becomes zero. This occurs when the body is in free fall under gravity.
Q8. Why is gravitational potential energy always negative?
Gravitational force is attractive in nature. Hence, work is done by the gravitational force in bringing a body from infinity to a point, resulting in negative gravitational potential energy.
Q9. Define escape velocity.
Escape velocity is the minimum velocity with which a body must be projected from Earth so that it can escape Earth’s gravitational field completely.
ve = √(2gR)
Q10. Why does the Moon produce stronger tides than the Sun?
Tidal force depends on the inverse cube of distance. Although the Sun is more massive, the Moon is much closer to Earth, so it produces stronger tidal effects.
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- Gravitation – Part 1
- Gravitation – Part 2
- Gravitation – Part 3
- Gravitation – Part 4
- Gravitation – Part 5
- Gravitation – Part 6
- Gravitation – Part 7
- Gravitation – Part 8
- Gravitation – Part 9
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- Gravitation – Part 19
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- Gravitation – Part 21
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- Gravitation – Part 24
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- Gravitation – Part 31
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- Gravitation – Part 34
- Gravitation – Part 35
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- Gravitation – Part 38
- Gravitation – Part 39
- Gravitation – Part 40
- Gravitation – Part 41
- Gravitation – Part 42
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