UPSC Prelims Special – Modern India Synopsis | English | Page – 2

Shaktimatha Learning

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🔹 Governors & Governor Generals of Bengal

✅ Robert Clive

• ✔ Laid the foundation of British political power in India
• ✔ Introduced the Dual Government in Bengal
• ✔ Played a major role in the Battle of Plassey

✅ Warren Hastings

• ✔ First Governor General of Bengal
• ✔ Administrative reforms under the Regulating Act of 1773
• ✔ Established Civil and Criminal Courts

✅ Lord Cornwallis

• ✔ Introduced Permanent Settlement
• ✔ Introduced Cornwallis Code
• ✔ Reformed Civil Services

✅ Lord Wellesley

• ✔ Introduced Subsidiary Alliance
• ✔ Expanded British political control
• ✔ Founded Fort William College

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🔹 Important Acts

✅ Regulating Act – 1773

• ✔ First attempt by British Parliament to regulate East India Company affairs
• ✔ Created the post of Governor General of Bengal
• ✔ Supreme Court established at Calcutta

✅ Pitt’s India Act – 1784

• ✔ Increased British Government control over Indian affairs
• ✔ Introduced Dual Control System

✅ Charter Act – 1813

• ✔ Ended East India Company trade monopoly except tea and China trade
• ✔ Encouraged spread of education

✅ Charter Act – 1833

• ✔ Created the post of Governor General of India
• ✔ Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor General of India

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🔹 Social Reform Movements

✅ Raja Ram Mohan Roy

• ✔ Founder of Brahmo Samaj
• ✔ Opposed Sati system
• ✔ Known as the Father of Modern India

✅ Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

• ✔ Supported Widow Remarriage
• ✔ Worked for Women Education

✅ Dayanand Saraswati

• ✔ Founder of Arya Samaj
• ✔ Gave the slogan “Back to the Vedas”

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🔹 Important Prelims Points

•  Regulating Act – 1773
•  Pitt’s India Act – 1784
•  Permanent Settlement – Cornwallis
•  Subsidiary Alliance – Wellesley
• Brahmo Samaj – Raja Ram Mohan Roy

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🔹 Quick Revision Table

Person / Act	Importance
Warren Hastings	First Governor General of Bengal
Cornwallis	Permanent Settlement
Wellesley	Subsidiary Alliance
Raja Ram Mohan Roy	Brahmo Samaj

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🔹 Motivational Quote

“Every page of history becomes a lesson for success.” 🔥

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Shaktimatha Learning
UPSC • Modern India • History Synopsis • Prelims Special