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Special Topic – UPSC Geography Synopsis
UPSC Geography Map-Based Revision | Page 17
Map-Based Revision – Rivers, Mountains and Biosphere Reserves
Map-based questions are highly important for UPSC Prelims, Mains and other competitive examinations. This section helps in quick geographical location revision.
Important Mountain Ranges of India
The Himalayas
- Located in Northern India
- Young fold mountains
- Protect India from cold winds
Important Peaks
- Mount Everest
- Kanchenjunga
- Nanda Devi
Western Ghats
- Run parallel to the western coast
- Biodiversity hotspot
- Source of many peninsular rivers
Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall due to the monsoon.
Eastern Ghats
- Discontinuous mountain range
- Lower in height compared to Western Ghats
- Cut across by rivers
Aravalli Range
- One of the oldest mountain ranges in India
- Located mainly in Rajasthan
- Guru Shikhar is the highest peak
Vindhya and Satpura Ranges
These ranges separate northern India from the Deccan Plateau.
- Narmada River flows between Vindhya and Satpura ranges
Major Rivers of India
Himalayan Rivers
- Indus
- Ganga
- Brahmaputra
These rivers are perennial in nature.
Peninsular Rivers
- Godavari
- Krishna
- Kaveri
- Mahanadi
- Narmada
- Tapti
Important River Facts
- Godavari → Longest peninsular river
- Narmada and Tapti → Flow westward
- Brahmaputra → Forms braided channels
Major Dams in India
- Bhakra Nangal Dam → Sutlej River
- Hirakud Dam → Mahanadi River
- Nagarjuna Sagar Dam → Krishna River
- Sardar Sarovar Dam → Narmada River
Biosphere Reserves in India
Biosphere reserves help in biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
Important Biosphere Reserves
- Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
- Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
- Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve
- Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
Important National Parks
- Jim Corbett National Park
- Kaziranga National Park
- Gir National Park
- Ranthambore National Park
Important Wildlife Facts
- Kaziranga → One-horned rhinoceros
- Gir → Asiatic lions
- Sundarbans → Royal Bengal tiger
Important Coastal Areas
Western Coast
- Konkan Coast
- Kannad Coast
- Malabar Coast
Eastern Coast
- Northern Circars
- Coromandel Coast
Important Passes in India
- Nathu La
- Zoji La
- Shipki La
- Bomdi La
Mountain passes are important for trade and strategic defense.
Indian Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Located in Bay of Bengal
- Volcanic origin
Lakshadweep Islands
- Located in Arabian Sea
- Coral islands
Important World Map Locations
- Sahara Desert → Africa
- Amazon Rainforest → South America
- Rocky Mountains → North America
- Andes Mountains → South America
- Gobi Desert → Asia
Quick Revision Map Facts
- Western Ghats → Biodiversity hotspot
- Godavari → Longest peninsular river
- Narmada → West-flowing river
- Kaziranga → Rhinoceros
- Lakshadweep → Coral islands
Mind Map – Map Revision
-
Map-Based Geography
- Mountains
- Rivers
- Dams
- Biosphere Reserves
- National Parks
- Coastal Areas
- Mountain Passes
Shaktimatha Learning
UPSC Geography Map-Based Revision – English Version
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