Special Topic – UPSC Indian Constitution Synopsis
UPSC Polity Revision | Page 22
President, Prime Minister and Parliament
The President, Prime Minister and Parliament are important pillars of the Indian political system. They play a major role in governance, law-making and administration.
President of India
The President is the constitutional head of India. All executive actions are carried out in the name of the President.
Election of the President
The President is elected indirectly by an Electoral College.
Members of Electoral College
- Elected members of Parliament
- Elected members of State Legislative Assemblies
Qualifications of the President
- Citizen of India
- Minimum age → 35 years
- Qualified for Lok Sabha membership
Powers of the President
Executive Powers
- Appoints Prime Minister
- Appoints Governors
- Appoints Judges
Legislative Powers
- Summons Parliament
- Addresses Parliament
- Gives assent to bills
Emergency Powers
- National Emergency
- State Emergency
- Financial Emergency
Vice President of India
The Vice President is the second highest constitutional office in India.
Functions
- Acts as ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha
- Acts as President in absence of the President
Prime Minister
The Prime Minister is the real executive head of the government. He or she leads the Council of Ministers.
Appointment
The President appoints the leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha as Prime Minister.
Powers and Functions of Prime Minister
- Leads the Council of Ministers
- Advises the President
- Coordinates government policies
- Represents India internationally
The Prime Minister is the link between the President and the Council of Ministers.
Council of Ministers
The Council of Ministers assists and advises the President.
Categories of Ministers
- Cabinet Ministers
- Ministers of State
- Deputy Ministers
Cabinet Ministers are the most important decision-makers.
Parliament of India
The Parliament is the highest legislative body in India.
Components of Parliament
- President
- Lok Sabha
- Rajya Sabha
Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament. It represents the people directly.
Important Facts
- Maximum strength → 552
- Term → 5 years
- Speaker presides over Lok Sabha
Money Bills can be introduced only in Lok Sabha.
Rajya Sabha
Rajya Sabha is the upper house of Parliament. It represents the states.
Important Facts
- Maximum strength → 250
- Permanent House
- Vice President is Chairman
One-third of members retire every two years.
Legislative Procedure
A bill becomes law after approval by both houses and assent of the President.
Types of Bills
- Ordinary Bill
- Money Bill
- Constitutional Amendment Bill
Money Bill
Money Bills deal with taxation, government expenditure and borrowing.
Important Facts
- Can be introduced only in Lok Sabha
- Speaker decides whether a bill is a Money Bill
Parliamentary Sessions
- Budget Session
- Monsoon Session
- Winter Session
The President summons Parliament sessions.
Important UPSC Facts
- President is the constitutional head
- Prime Minister is the real executive head
- Lok Sabha represents people directly
- Rajya Sabha is a permanent house
- Money Bills originate only in Lok Sabha
Quick Revision Box
- President → Constitutional head
- Prime Minister → Real executive
- Lok Sabha → Lower house
- Rajya Sabha → Upper house
- Money Bill → Only in Lok Sabha
- Vice President → Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Mind Map – Union Executive & Parliament
-
Indian Political System
- President
- Vice President
- Prime Minister
- Council of Ministers
- Lok Sabha
- Rajya Sabha
Shaktimatha Learning
UPSC Indian Constitution Synopsis – English Version
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