Special Topic – UPSC Indian History Synopsis
UPSC History Revision | Page 32
Delhi Sultanate, Mughals and Vijayanagara Empire
Medieval Indian history explains the rise of major kingdoms, administrative systems, art, architecture and cultural developments. The Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire and Vijayanagara Empire played significant roles in Indian history.
Medieval India
The medieval period witnessed political changes, expansion of trade, development of regional kingdoms and cultural integration.
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was established in 1206 CE. It introduced new administrative systems and military reforms.
Major Dynasties
- Slave Dynasty
- Khilji Dynasty
- Tughlaq Dynasty
- Sayyid Dynasty
- Lodi Dynasty
Slave Dynasty
The Slave Dynasty was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
Important Rulers
- Qutb-ud-din Aibak
- Iltutmish
- Razia Sultan
- Balban
Razia Sultan was the first woman ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
Khilji Dynasty
Alauddin Khilji was the most important ruler of this dynasty.
Important Reforms
- Market control system
- Military reforms
- Price control measures
Tughlaq Dynasty
Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced several ambitious policies.
Important Policies
- Transfer of capital to Daulatabad
- Token currency experiment
Many policies failed due to poor implementation.
Vijayanagara Empire
The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 CE by Harihara and Bukka.
Capital
Hampi
Important Features
- Strong administration
- Temple architecture
- Promotion of trade
- Cultural development
Krishnadevaraya
Krishnadevaraya was the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire.
Achievements
- Military expansion
- Support to literature and art
- Economic prosperity
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur in 1526 CE after the First Battle of Panipat.
Important Mughal Rulers
- Babur
- Humayun
- Akbar
- Jahangir
- Shah Jahan
- Aurangzeb
Akbar
Akbar was one of the greatest Mughal emperors.
Achievements
- Religious tolerance
- Mansabdari system
- Administrative reforms
- Expansion of empire
Akbar introduced the policy of Sulh-i-Kul.
Mansabdari System
The Mansabdari system organized military and civil administration.
Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan is famous for architecture.
Important Monuments
- Taj Mahal
- Red Fort
- Jama Masjid
Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb expanded the Mughal Empire to its largest extent.
After Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire gradually declined.
Bhakti and Sufi Movements
These movements promoted devotion, spirituality and social harmony.
Important Saints
- Kabir
- Guru Nanak
- Mirabai
- Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti
Art and Architecture
Medieval India witnessed growth in architecture, painting and literature.
Examples
- Qutub Minar
- Taj Mahal
- Hampi Temples
- Mughal Paintings
Important UPSC Facts
- Delhi Sultanate established in 1206 CE
- Razia Sultan was first woman ruler
- Vijayanagara capital was Hampi
- Mughal Empire founded by Babur
- Akbar introduced Sulh-i-Kul
Quick Revision Box
- Babur → Founder of Mughal Empire
- Akbar → Religious tolerance
- Shah Jahan → Taj Mahal
- Krishnadevaraya → Vijayanagara ruler
- Razia Sultan → First woman Sultan
- Hampi → Vijayanagara capital
Mind Map – Medieval India
-
Medieval Indian History
- Delhi Sultanate
- Khiljis & Tughlaqs
- Vijayanagara Empire
- Mughal Empire
- Bhakti Movement
- Architecture & Culture
Shaktimatha Learning
UPSC Indian History Synopsis – English Version
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