Special Topic – UPSC Science & Technology Synopsis
UPSC Science & Technology Revision | Page 37
ISRO, Chandrayaan, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security
Space technology, artificial intelligence and cyber security are rapidly developing fields with major importance in governance, economy, communication and national security. These topics are highly relevant for UPSC and competitive examinations.
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
ISRO is India’s premier space research organization. It was established in 1969.
Objectives of ISRO
- Space exploration
- Satellite communication
- Scientific research
- National development
Satellite Technology
Satellites support communication, weather forecasting, navigation and disaster management.
Uses of Satellites
- Telecommunication
- Remote sensing
- Navigation
- Defense monitoring
Chandrayaan Mission
Chandrayaan is India’s lunar exploration mission.
Important Achievements
- Study of moon surface
- Discovery of water molecules on moon
- Successful lunar landing missions
Mangalyaan Mission
Mangalyaan, also known as Mars Orbiter Mission, was India’s mission to Mars.
Importance
- Demonstrated low-cost space technology
- Enhanced India’s global reputation
Aditya-L1 Mission
Aditya-L1 is India’s solar mission to study the Sun.
Objectives
- Study solar atmosphere
- Understand solar storms
- Improve space weather prediction
Gaganyaan Mission
Gaganyaan is India’s human spaceflight programme.
Goals
- Send Indian astronauts into space
- Develop advanced space technology
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
AI enables machines to perform tasks requiring human intelligence.
Applications of AI
- Healthcare
- Education
- Banking
- Agriculture
- Defense
Machine Learning
Machine learning is a branch of AI that allows systems to learn from data.
Examples
- Recommendation systems
- Speech recognition
- Predictive analytics
Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT connects devices through the internet for data sharing and automation.
Applications
- Smart homes
- Smart cities
- Industrial automation
- Healthcare monitoring
Cyber Security
Cyber security protects digital systems, networks and data from cyber threats.
Major Cyber Threats
- Hacking
- Phishing
- Malware attacks
- Data theft
Importance of Cyber Security
- Protects sensitive information
- Ensures digital safety
- Supports national security
- Protects financial transactions
Digital India Programme
Digital India promotes digital infrastructure and online governance.
Objectives
- Digital empowerment
- Online public services
- Internet connectivity
5G Technology
5G is the fifth generation wireless communication technology.
Advantages
- High internet speed
- Low latency
- Better connectivity
- Supports smart technologies
Quantum Computing
Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics to process information faster than traditional computers.
Blockchain Technology
Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger technology.
Applications
- Cryptocurrency
- Banking
- Supply chain management
- Digital security
Important UPSC Facts
- ISRO was established in 1969
- Chandrayaan is India’s moon mission
- Gaganyaan is India’s human spaceflight programme
- AI supports automation and data analysis
- Cyber security protects digital systems
Quick Revision Box
- ISRO → Space research organization
- Chandrayaan → Moon mission
- Mangalyaan → Mars mission
- AI → Machine intelligence
- IoT → Connected devices
- 5G → High-speed wireless technology
Mind Map – Advanced Science & Technology
-
Science & Technology
- ISRO Missions
- AI & Machine Learning
- Cyber Security
- IoT
- 5G Technology
- Blockchain & Quantum Computing
Shaktimatha Learning
UPSC Science & Technology Synopsis – English Version
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