Special Topic – UPSC Science & Technology Synopsis
UPSC Science & Technology Revision | Page 38
Biotechnology, DNA, Vaccines and 5G Technology
Biotechnology, genetics, vaccines and communication technologies are transforming healthcare, agriculture, industry and digital connectivity. These topics are highly important for UPSC and competitive examinations.
Biotechnology
Biotechnology uses living organisms and biological systems for industrial, medical and agricultural applications.
Applications of Biotechnology
- Medicine
- Agriculture
- Food production
- Environmental protection
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering involves modification of genes to obtain desired traits.
Uses
- Improved crop varieties
- Disease resistance
- Production of medicines
DNA
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the genetic material present in living organisms.
Functions of DNA
- Stores genetic information
- Transfers hereditary traits
- Controls cell functions
Genes and Chromosomes
Genes are units of heredity located on chromosomes.
Chromosomes carry genetic information from parents to offspring.
Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project mapped human genes to understand genetic structure and diseases.
Vaccines
Vaccines help the immune system develop protection against diseases.
Types of Vaccines
- Live vaccines
- Inactivated vaccines
- mRNA vaccines
Importance of Vaccination
- Prevents infectious diseases
- Reduces mortality rate
- Improves public health
- Controls epidemics
Biotechnology in Agriculture
Biotechnology improves crop productivity and resistance to pests and diseases.
Examples
- Bt Cotton
- Biofertilizers
- Biopesticides
Stem Cell Technology
Stem cells can develop into specialized cells. They are used in medical research and treatment.
Applications
- Tissue repair
- Organ regeneration
- Treatment of diseases
Cloning
Cloning produces genetically identical organisms.
It is used in scientific research and biotechnology.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology deals with materials at atomic and molecular scale.
Applications
- Medicine
- Electronics
- Energy
- Environmental protection
5G Technology
5G is the latest wireless communication technology with high speed and low latency.
Advantages of 5G
- Fast internet connectivity
- Supports smart cities
- Improves automation
- Enhances communication systems
Applications of 5G
- Online education
- Telemedicine
- Autonomous vehicles
- Industrial automation
Challenges of 5G
- Infrastructure cost
- Cyber security concerns
- Data privacy issues
Digital Communication
Modern communication technologies improve governance, education and economic activities.
Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology
AI helps in medical diagnosis, drug discovery and genetic analysis.
Important UPSC Facts
- DNA carries genetic information
- Vaccines prevent infectious diseases
- Bt Cotton is a genetically modified crop
- 5G provides high-speed communication
- Stem cells help tissue regeneration
Quick Revision Box
- DNA → Genetic material
- Genes → Units of heredity
- Vaccines → Disease prevention
- Bt Cotton → GM crop
- 5G → High-speed wireless network
- Stem Cells → Regenerative medicine
Mind Map – Biotechnology & Communication
-
Science & Technology
- Biotechnology
- DNA & Genetics
- Vaccines
- Stem Cells
- Nanotechnology
- 5G Technology
Shaktimatha Learning
UPSC Science & Technology Synopsis – English Version
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