UPSC Prelims Special – Modern India Synopsis | English | Page – 4

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🔹 Gandhian Era in Indian National Movement

✅ Mahatma Gandhi’s Arrival in India

• ✔ Returned to India from South Africa in 1915
• ✔ Introduced methods of Satyagraha and Non-Violence
• ✔ Became the central leader of the freedom movement

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🔹 Important Gandhian Movements

✅ Champaran Satyagraha – 1917

• ✔ First successful Satyagraha movement by Gandhi in India
• ✔ Related to Indigo farmers in Bihar

✅ Kheda Satyagraha – 1918

• ✔ Farmers demanded tax relief due to crop failure
• ✔ Gandhi supported peasants against British policies

✅ Ahmedabad Mill Strike – 1918

• ✔ Related to textile mill workers
• ✔ Gandhi used hunger strike as a method of protest

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🔹 Non-Cooperation Movement – 1920

• ✔ Launched against British rule after Jallianwala Bagh massacre
• ✔ Boycott of foreign goods and educational institutions
• ✔ Promotion of Khadi and Swadeshi products

✅ Chauri Chaura Incident – 1922

• ✔ Violent incident in Uttar Pradesh
• ✔ Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement

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🔹 Civil Disobedience Movement – 1930

✅ Dandi March

• ✔ Gandhi started Salt Satyagraha from Sabarmati Ashram
• ✔ Reached Dandi on 6 April 1930
• ✔ Protest against Salt Tax

 “The Dandi March became a symbol of mass resistance.”

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🔹 Round Table Conferences

• ✔ Conducted in London between 1930–1932
• ✔ Discussed constitutional reforms in India
• ✔ Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference

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🔹 Government of India Act – 1935

• ✔ Introduced Provincial Autonomy
• ✔ Proposed Federal Structure
• ✔ Basis for many features of the Indian Constitution

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🔹 Important Prelims Points

•  Champaran Satyagraha – 1917
•  Non-Cooperation Movement – 1920
•  Civil Disobedience Movement – 1930
•  Dandi March – 1930
• Government of India Act – 1935

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🔹 Quick Revision Table

Movement	Year
Champaran Satyagraha	1917
Non-Cooperation Movement	1920
Civil Disobedience Movement	1930
Government of India Act	1935

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🔹 Motivational Quote

“Non-violence became the strongest weapon of India’s freedom struggle.” 

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UPSC • Modern India • History Synopsis • Prelims Special