🔥 Thermodynamics – Stage 1

Page 5 : Thermodynamic Processes (Core JEE Concepts)

Key Idea:
A thermodynamic process describes how a system changes from one state to another.

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1️⃣ Isothermal Process (T = Constant)

Definition:
A process in which temperature remains constant.

• Occurs very slowly (quasi-static)
• System remains in thermal contact with surroundings

For Ideal Gas:
PV = constant

Work done:
W = nRT ln(V₂ / V₁)

⚠ Internal energy change = 0 (ΔU = 0)

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2️⃣ Adiabatic Process (Q = 0)

Definition:
No heat exchange between system and surroundings.

• Happens very fast
• Or system is thermally insulated

Important Relations:
PV^γ = constant
TV^γ−1 = constant
T^γP^1−γ = constant

Work done:
W = (P₁V₁ − P₂V₂) / (γ − 1)

⚠ Temperature changes even though no heat is supplied

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3️⃣ Isobaric Process (P = Constant)

Definition:
Pressure remains constant during the process.

Work done:
W = P (V₂ − V₁)

Heat supplied:
Q = nC_pΔT

• Both internal energy and work increase

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4️⃣ Isochoric Process (V = Constant)

Definition:
Volume remains constant.

Work done:
W = 0

Heat supplied:
Q = nC_vΔT

• Entire heat goes into changing internal energy

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5️⃣ Comparison Table (JEE Favorite)

Process	Constant	Work	Heat
Isothermal	T	≠ 0	≠ 0
Adiabatic	Q = 0	≠ 0	0
Isobaric	P	≠ 0	≠ 0
Isochoric	V	0	≠ 0

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6️⃣ JEE Exam Traps

• Isothermal ≠ no heat transfer
• Adiabatic ≠ constant temperature
• Isochoric ≠ zero heat
• γ appears only in adiabatic relations

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Page 6 – PV Diagrams & Area Interpretation (JEE Visualization Mastery)

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🔥 Thermodynamics – Objective Final Revision

Thermodynamics – Set 1
Set 2
Set 3
Set 4
Set 5
Set 6
Set 7
Set 8
Set 9
Set 10
Set 11
Set 12
Set 13
Set 14
Set 15
Set 16
Set 17
Set 18
Set 19
Set 20
Set 21
Set 22
Set 23
Set 24
Set 25
Set 26
Set 27
Set 28
Set 29
Set 30
Set 31
Set 32
Set 33
Set 34
Set 35
Set 36
Set 37
Set 38
Set 39
Set 40
Set 41
Set 42
Set 43
Set 44
Set 45
Set 46
Set 47
Set 48
Set 49
Set 50
Set 51
Set 52
Set 53
Set 54
Set 55
Set 56
Set 57
Set 59

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• Motion in a Plane

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